Last data update: May 20, 2024. (Total: 46824 publications since 2009)
Records 1-8 (of 8 Records) |
Query Trace: Britt AS[original query] |
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Vaccine value profile for cytomegalovirus
Boppana SB , van Boven M , Britt WJ , Gantt S , Griffiths PD , Grosse SD , Hyde TB , Lanzieri TM , Mussi-Pinhata MM , Pallas SE , Pinninti SG , Rawlinson WD , Ross SA , Vossen Actm , Fowler KB . Vaccine 2023 41 Suppl 2 S53-S75 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common infectious cause of congenital malformation and a leading cause of developmental disabilities such as sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), motor and cognitive deficits. The significant disease burden from congenital CMV infection (cCMV) led the US National Institute of Medicine to rank CMV vaccine development as the highest priority. An average of 6.7/1000 live births are affected by cCMV, but the prevalence varies across and within countries. In contrast to other congenital infections such as rubella and toxoplasmosis, the prevalence of cCMV increases with CMV seroprevalence rates in the population. The true global burden of cCMV disease is likely underestimated because most infected infants (85-90 %) have asymptomatic infection and are not identified. However, about 7-11 % of those with asymptomatic infection will develop SNHL throughout early childhood. Although no licensed CMV vaccine exists, several candidate vaccines are in development, including one currently in phase 3 trials. Licensure of one or more vaccine candidates is feasible within the next five years. Various models of CMV vaccine strategies employing different target populations have shown to provide substantial benefit in reducing cCMV. Although CMV can cause end-organ disease with significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals, the focus of this vaccine value profile (VVP) is on preventing or reducing the cCMV disease burden. This CMV VVP provides a high-level, comprehensive assessment of the currently available data to inform the potential public health, economic, and societal value of CMV vaccines. The CMV VVP was developed by a working group of subject matter experts from academia, public health groups, policy organizations, and non-profit organizations. All contributors have extensive expertise on various elements of the CMV VVP and have described the state of knowledge and identified the current gaps. The VVP was developed using only existing and publicly available information. |
Adeno-associated virus type 2 in US children with acute severe hepatitis.
Servellita V , Gonzalez AS , Lamson DM , Foresythe A , Huh HJ , Bazinet AL , Bergman NH , Bull RL , Garcia KY , Goodrich JS , Lovett SP , Parker K , Radune D , Hatada A , Pan CY , Rizzo K , Bertumen JB , Morales C , Oluniyi PE , Nguyen J , Tan J , Stryke D , Jaber R , Leslie MT , Lyons Z , Hedman HD , Parashar U , Sullivan M , Wroblewski K , Oberste MS , Tate JE , Baker JM , Sugerman D , Potts C , Lu X , Chhabra P , Pediatric Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology Working Group , Ingram LA , Shiau H , Britt W , Sanchez LHG , Ciric C , Rostad CA , Vinjé J , Kirking HL , Wadford DA , Raborn RT , St George K , Chiu CY . Nature 2023 As of August 2022, clusters of acute severe hepatitis of unknown etiology in children have been reported from 35 countries, including the United States(1,2). Previous studies have found human adenoviruses (HAdVs) in the blood from cases in Europe and the United States(3-7), although it is unclear whether this virus is causative. Here we used PCR testing, viral enrichment based sequencing, and agnostic metagenomic sequencing to analyze samples from 16 HAdV-positive cases from October 1, 2021 to May 22, 2022, in parallel with 113 controls. In blood from 14 cases, adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) sequences were detected in 93% (13 of 14), compared to 4 (3.5%) of 113 controls (P<0.001) and to 0 of 30 patients with hepatitis of defined etiology (P<0.001). In controls, HAdV-41 was detected in blood from 9 (39.1%) of the 23 patients with acute gastroenteritis (without hepatitis), including 8 of 9 patients with positive stool HAdV testing, but co-infection with AAV2 was observed in only 3 (13.0%) of these 23 patients versus 93% of cases (P<0.001). Co-infections by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), and/or enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) were also detected in 12 (85.7%) of 14 cases, with higher herpesvirus detection in cases versus controls (P<0.001). Our findings suggest that the severity of the disease is related to co-infections involving AAV2 and one or more helper viruses. |
A Case Series of Children with Acute Hepatitis and Human Adenovirus Infection.
GutierrezSanchez LH , Shiau H , Baker JM , Saaybi S , Buchfellner M , Britt W , Sanchez V , Potter JL , Ingram LA , Kelly D , Lu X , Ayers-Millsap S , Willeford WG , Rassaei N , Bhatnagar J , Bullock H , Reagan-Steiner S , Martin A , Rogers ME , Banc-Husu AM , Harpavat S , Leung DH , Moulton EA , Lamson DM , StGeorge K , Hall AJ , Parashar U , MacNeil A , Tate JE , Kirking HL . N Engl J Med 2022 387 (7) 620-630 BACKGROUND: Human adenoviruses typically cause self-limited respiratory, gastrointestinal, and conjunctival infections in healthy children. In late 2021 and early 2022, several previously healthy children were identified with acute hepatitis and human adenovirus viremia. METHODS: We used International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, codes to identify all children (<18 years of age) with hepatitis who were admitted to Children's of Alabama hospital between October 1, 2021, and February 28, 2022; those with acute hepatitis who also tested positive for human adenovirus by whole-blood quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were included in our case series. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were obtained from medical records. Residual blood specimens were sent for diagnostic confirmation and human adenovirus typing. RESULTS: A total of 15 children were identified with acute hepatitis - 6 (40%) who had hepatitis with an identified cause and 9 (60%) who had hepatitis without a known cause. Eight (89%) of the patients with hepatitis of unknown cause tested positive for human adenovirus. These 8 patients plus 1 additional patient referred to this facility for follow-up were included in this case series (median age, 2 years 11 months; age range, 1 year 1 month to 6 years 5 months). Liver biopsies indicated mild-to-moderate active hepatitis in 6 children, some with and some without cholestasis, but did not show evidence of human adenovirus on immunohistochemical examination or electron microscopy. PCR testing of liver tissue for human adenovirus was positive in 3 children (50%). Sequencing of specimens from 5 children showed three distinct human adenovirus type 41 hexon variants. Two children underwent liver transplantation; all the others recovered with supportive care. CONCLUSIONS: Human adenovirus viremia was present in the majority of children with acute hepatitis of unknown cause admitted to Children's of Alabama from October 1, 2021, to February 28, 2022, but whether human adenovirus was causative remains unclear. Sequencing results suggest that if human adenovirus was causative, this was not an outbreak driven by a single strain. (Funded in part by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.). |
Acute hepatitis and adenovirus infection among children-Alabama, October 2021-February 2022.
Baker Julia M, Buchfellner Markus, Britt William, Sanchez Veronica, Potter Jennifer L, Ingram L Amanda, Shiau Henry, Sanchez Luz Helena Gutierrez, Saaybi Stephanie, Kelly David, Lu Xiaoyan, Vega Everardo M, Ayers-Millsap Stephanie, Willeford Wesley G, Rassaei Negar, Bullock Hannah, Reagan-Steiner Sarah, Martin Ali, Moulton Elizabeth A, Lamson Daryl M, St George Kirsten, Parashar Umesh D, Hall Aron J, MacNeil Adam, Tate Jacqueline E, Kirking Hannah L . American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons 2022 7 (7) 1919-1921 |
Acute hepatitis and adenovirus infection among children - Alabama, October 2021-February 2022
Baker JM , Buchfellner M , Britt W , Sanchez V , Potter JL , Ingram LA , Shiau H , GutierrezSanchez LH , Saaybi S , Kelly D , Lu X , Vega EM , Ayers-Millsap S , Willeford WG , Rassaei N , Bullock H , Reagan-Steiner S , Martin A , Moulton EA , Lamson DM , StGeorge K , Parashar UD , Hall AJ , MacNeil A , Tate JE , Kirking HL . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022 71 (18) 638-640 During October-November 2021, clinicians at a children's hospital in Alabama identified five pediatric patients with severe hepatitis and adenovirus viremia upon admission. In November 2021, hospital clinicians, the Alabama Department of Public Health, the Jefferson County Department of Health, and CDC began an investigation. This activity was reviewed by CDC and conducted consistent with applicable federal law and CDC policy. |
Temporal and Genotypic Associations of Sporadic Norovirus Gastroenteritis and Reported Norovirus Outbreaks in Middle Tennessee, 2012-2016.
Parikh MP , Vandekar S , Moore C , Thomas L , Britt N , Piya B , Stewart LS , Batarseh E , Hamdan L , Cavallo SJ , Swing AM , Garman KN , Constantine-Renna L , Chappell J , Payne DC , Vinje J , Hall AJ , Dunn JR , Halasa N . Clin Infect Dis 2019 71 (9) 2398-2404 BACKGROUND: In the United States, surveillance of norovirus gastroenteritis is largely restricted to outbreaks, limiting our knowledge of the contribution of sporadic illness to the overall impact on reported outbreaks. Understanding norovirus transmission dynamics is vital for improving preventive measures, including norovirus vaccine development. METHODS: We analyzed seasonal patterns and genotypic distribution between sporadic pediatric norovirus cases and reported norovirus outbreaks in middle Tennessee. Sporadic cases were ascertained via the New Vaccine Surveillance Network in a single county, while reported norovirus outbreaks from seven middle Tennessee counties were included in the study. We investigated the predictive value of sporadic cases on outbreaks using a two-state discrete Markov model. RESULTS: Between December 2012 and June 2016, there were 755 pediatric sporadic norovirus cases and 45 reported outbreaks. Almost half (42.2%) of outbreaks occurred in long-term care facilities. Most sporadic cases (74.9%) and reported outbreaks (86.8%) occurred between November and April. Peak sporadic norovirus activity was often contemporaneous with outbreak occurrence. Among both sporadic cases and outbreaks, GII genogroup noroviruses were most prevalent (90.1% and 83.3%) with GII.4 being the dominant genotype (39.0% and 52.8%). The predictive model suggested that the 3-day moving average of sporadic cases was positively associated with the probability of an outbreak occurring. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the demographic differences between the surveillance populations, the seasonal and genotypic associations between sporadic cases and outbreaks are suggestive of contemporaneous community transmission. Public health agencies may use this knowledge to expand surveillance and identify target populations for interventions, including future vaccines. |
Simultaneous analysis of 28 urinary VOC metabolites using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI/MSMS)
Alwis KU , Blount BC , Britt AS , Patel D , Ashley DL . Anal Chim Acta 2012 750 152-60 Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous in the environment, originating from many different natural and anthropogenic sources, including tobacco smoke. Long-term exposure to certain VOCs may increase the risk for cancer, birth defects, and neurocognitive impairment. Therefore, VOC exposure is an area of significant public health concern. Urinary VOC metabolites are useful biomarkers for assessing VOC exposure because of non-invasiveness of sampling and longer physiological half-lives of urinary metabolites compared with VOCs in blood and breath. We developed a method using reversed-phase ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI/MSMS) to simultaneously quantify 28 urinary VOC metabolites as biomarkers of exposure. We describe a method that monitors metabolites of acrolein, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, benzene, 1-bromopropane, 1,3-butadiene, carbon-disulfide, crotonaldehyde, cyanide, N,N-dimethylformamide, ethylbenzene, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, styrene, tetrachloroethylene, toluene, trichloroethylene, vinyl chloride and xylene. The method is accurate (mean accuracy for spiked matrix ranged from 84 to104%), sensitive (limit of detection ranged from 0.5 to 20ngmL(-1)) and precise (the relative standard deviations ranged from 2.5 to 11%). We applied this method to urine samples collected from 1203 non-smokers and 347 smokers and demonstrated that smokers have significantly elevated levels of tobacco-related biomarkers compared to non-smokers. We found significant (p<0.0001) correlations between serum cotinine and most of the tobacco-related biomarkers measured. These findings confirm that this method can effectively quantify urinary VOC metabolites in a population exposed to volatile organics. |
Frontiers in cancer epidemiology: a challenge to the research community from the Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program at the National Cancer Institute.
Khoury MJ , Freedman AN , Gillanders EM , Harvey CE , Kaefer C , Reid BC , Rogers S , Schully SD , Seminara D , Verma M . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012 21 (7) 999-1001 The Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program (EGRP) at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) is developing scientific priorities for cancer epidemiology research in the next decade. We would like to engage the research community and other stakeholders in a planning effort that will include a workshop in December 2012 to help shape new foci for cancer epidemiology research. To facilitate the process of defining the future of cancer epidemiology, we invite the research community to join in an ongoing web-based conversation at http://blog-epi.grants.cancer.gov/ to develop priorities and the next generation of high-impact studies. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(7); 999-1001. (c)2012 AACR.) |
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